|
|
/fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'gM;+/rgf / blnt
;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;jfn .
Zofd >]i7
!=) g]kfndf blntx?
of] dfgj ;Eotfn] g} nfhdfGg'kg]{ s'/f xf] ls PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf
kfOnf 6]ls;Sbf klg g]kfndf gful/sx?sf] Pp6f 7"nf] lx:;f c5'tsf ?kdf cem} ckx]lnt
5g\ . /fHodf pgLx?sf] pkl:ylt, ;xeflutf / :jfldTj st} b]lvFb}g . b]zsf] cfly{s pTkfbgdf pgLx?sf] cToflws of]ubfg 5 , t/ pgLx?
cfkm"rflxF ;a}eGbf Hofbf ul/a 5g\ . ;fx'sf] hldg xlnofsf ?kdf blntx? hf]ltlbG5g\,
t/ %# k|ltzt blnt l;t hf]tef]usf nflu cfkm\g} hldg 5}g .! ufpF a:tLdf :s'n agfpFbf 9'+uf af]Sg cfpg] k|fo c5'tx? g} x'G5g, t/ ^% k|ltzt c5'tx? cfkm" rflxF k"/}
lg/If/ 5g\ .@ cem} klg clwsf+z c5'tx?
cfkm\gf] >dsf] Gofof]lrt Hofnf kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . pTkfbgsf ;fwgdf c5'tx?sf] :jfldTj Hofb} gu0o 5 . &*
k|ltzt c5't afFRgsf nflu kof{Kt e"ld, cfjf;,
vfgf, :jf:Yo, :ofxf/, lzIff / /f]huf/Lsf] cefj 5 / ToxL sf/0fn] pgLx? Hofb}
sl7g hLjg aflr/x]sf 5g\ . Ps cWoogsf cg';f/ d'n'ssf] s[lifof]Uo e"ldsf] ! k|ltzt
klg c5'tx? cf]u6\b}gg\ .#
g]kfndf c5'tx? cfwf/e"t ?kdf k];fut–hftut >lds ;d'bfox? x'g\ . >lds x'gfs} sf/0fn] pgLx?nfO{ Oltxf;sf] Pp6f vf;
sfn v08df ætNnf] hftsf dflg;Æ jf æz'b|Æ eg]/ ljeflht ul/of], cf}wL x]nf tyf
pk]Iff ul/of], pgLx?sf] >dsf] Gofof]lrt d"No glbOsg sfddf blnof] /
7luof], clg ;dfhsf gLlt, lg0f{o ug]{ ;f/f 7fpFx?af6 kfvf nufOof] . Hofb}
lylrPsf ldlrPsf / x]lkPsf x'gfn] k]zfut–hftut >lds ;d'bfosf] of] c5't lx:;f
cr]n cfkm"nfO{ blnt eGg ?rfpF5g . blntsf] tfTko{ g} xf]–lylrPsf, ldlrPsf,
x]lkPsfx? . ;dfhnfO{ xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv ljleGg ?ksf
pkof]uL >dx? dfkm{t nuftf/ ;]jf / of]ubfg ul//x]sf, t/ ToxL ;dfhåf/f bf;
o'uLg jf ;fdfGtL b[li6sf]0f / d'No dfGotfsf cfwf/df >dnfO{ Hofb} t'R5 /
Gofof]lrt d"No lbg' gkg]{ a:t' 7flgg'sf] sf/0fn] crfSnL x]lkPsf, 7luPsf,
r'l;Psf ætNnf] hftÆ / c5't 7flgPsf / lg0f{o ug]{ 7fpFaf6 kfvf nufOPsf
>ldsx?sf] ljzfn ;d'bfosf] gfd blnt ;d'bfo xf] .
g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
Oltxf; g} s]nfpg] xf] eg] klg oxfF g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|f/Deb]lv g} c5't jf blntx?
cl:tjdf /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;g\
@)) df ls/fFtsfnsf] cGTo eof], t/ Tolta]nf;Dd klg g]kfndf hftkft / 5'jf5"t
k|yf z'? ePsf] P]ltxf;Ls cfwf/ e]l6Psf 5}gg\ . o;
af/]sf] lj:t[t a}1flgs vf]h eO;s]sf] 5}g\ tyflk clxn];Ddsf vf]hx?n] s] rfFlx
b]vfO;s]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfndf /fHosf] tkm{af6 5'jf5't k|yfsf] k|f/De / jLhf/f]k0f
lnR5jL sfndf lxGb' ;fdfGtL zf;sx?n] ;g\ @)) b]lv *&( ;Ddsf] zf;g sfndf
u/]sf x'g\ . dNnsfn / -;g\ *&(–!&^*_ sf ;fdfGtL zf;sx?n] 5'jf5't /
lxGb' j0ff{>ddf cfwfl/t hftkft k|yfnfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 Jojl:yt / lj:tfl/t
u/] . zfxsfn -;g\ !&^* b]lv otfsf] ;dofjlw_ df of] k|yf sfg"gtM c? Hofbf ;[b[9 / lj:tfl/t ePsf] xf] . k]zfut >lds ;d'bfonfO{
hftsf] cfwf/df c5't agfpg] k|0ffnL g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfkm\g} cflbd hghftLo pkh xf]Og, of] d';ndfgx?sf]
cfqmd0fsf] sf/0fn] jf cGo sf/0fn] ef/taf6 g]kfn k;]sf lxGb' cfo{x?n] / ljleGg
lxGb' ;fdGtL zf;sx?n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf hj/h:tL jLhf/f]k0f / la:tf/ u/]sf] s'/f]
xf] . of] s]an ljut !&–!* ;o jif{otfsf] ;fdflhs
kl/36gf xf] . ;fdfGtL /fHon] ;of}+ jif{;Dd of] kbf{ yf]k/] klg g]kfnsf] Ps
ltxfO eGbf klg s]xL Hofbf hg;+Vofsf ?kdf /x]sf cflbjf;L hghfltx?df cem} klg
5'jf5't k|yfsf] k|efj / ks8 lxGb' cfo{x?sf] t'ngfdf Hofb} Go"g 5 . g]kfnsf] u}/–lxGb' cflbjf;L hghfltx?df cem} klg blnt
;fdfGotof e]l6+b}gg\ .
g]kfnsf] /fHo
k|0ffnLn] @))& b]lv k"FhLjfbL k|hftGqsf] o'udf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] .
tyflk blntx?nfO{ /fHodf ;dfj]z ug]{ /
pgLx?dflysf] pTkL8g e]befj cGTo ug]{ dfdnfdf Hofb} yf]/} sfd dfq ePsf
5g\ . @))& ;fn k5fl8sf] k|To]s /fhgLlts k|0ffnLn] / ;/sf/n] blntx?nfO{ bof
dfq ul//x]sf] e]l6G5 . ;dfg xs / x}l;ot ePsf] gful/s agfpg vf]h]sf] kfO{b}g .
gt blntx?nfO{ ltgLx?n] >dsf] Gofof]lrt d"No lbnfpg vf]h]sf] e]l6G5, g
pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?s} dflns .
@)@) ;fnsf] d'n'sL P]gn] 5'jf5't k|yf t sfg"gtM cGTo u¥of]
h'g cfkm}df Pp6f P]ltxfl;s sbd lyof] . t/ o;nfO{ b08gLo eg] agfPg . bof u/]/ s]xL JolQmnfO{ dGqL /
;f+;b klg agfOof], t/ /fHosf x/]s c+udf k|0ffnLut ?kdf pgLx?sf] ;dfg'kflts
;xeflutf / :jfldTj slxNo} ;'lglZrt ul/Pg . @)@! ;fndf e"ld;'wf/ nfu"
eof], t/ yf]/} C0f jfkt k':tf}+b]lv d'kmtdf hldg hf]lt/x]sf xhf/f}+ xlnofx?nfO{
pgLx?n] hf]lt/x]sf hldgdf df]xLofgL xs ;d]t k|bfg ul/Pg . pgLx?nfO{
hldgsf] dflns agfOPg .
k+rfotL Joj:yf d"ntM ;fdGtL PstGq
lyof] . To;}n] Tof] k|0ffnLn] æ5'jf5"tÆ sfg"gtM cGTo u/] klg
;jf{lu+0f ?kdf blntx?dflysf] pTkL8g / e]befj cGTo ug'{ ;+ej lyPg . t/ @)$^
;fndf ax'bnLo k|hftGq :yfkgf u/]kl5 klg blntdflysf] e]befj / pTkL8g cGTo ug{ /
/fHosf ;a} c+udf blntx?sf] ;xeflutf / :jfldTj a9fpg tflTjs dxTjsf sfdx? ePgg\ . @)$* ;fndf lgjf{lrt klxnf]
k|ltlglw ;efdf s]jn Pshgf ;f+;b dfq blnt lyP . Tof] eg]sf]
s'n ;f+;b ;+Vofsf] )=% k|ltzt dfq xf] . To;kl5 @)%!
;fndf / @)%^ ;fndf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw ;efdf t Pshgf klg ;f+;b blnt /x]gg\ . $jf:tjdf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw ;efdf tNnf] hftsf] k|ltlglwTj lj;+
@)!^ b]lv ptf emg\ emg\ 36\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . %
tn lbOPsf] rf6{ x]¥of} eg] of] s'/f k|i6
x'g]5 .
tflnsf–!
k|ltlglw;efx?df
blnt k|ltlglwTj
-!(%( b]lv !(($;Dd_
|
|
;g\ !(%( sf]
k|ltlglw;ef |
;g\ !((! sf]
k|ltlglw;ef |
;g\ !(($ sf]
k|ltlglw;ef |
|||
|
kxf8L tNNff] hftsf ;f+;bx? |
;+Vof |
k|ltzt |
;+Vof |
k|ltzt |
;+Vof |
k|ltzt |
|
! |
)=( |
! |
)=% |
) |
) |
|
;|f]tM NESAC, g]kfndf dfgj ljsf; !((*
dxTjk"0f{ gLlt
agfpg] / lg0f{o ug]{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf / k|yd >]0fLsf
sd{rf/Lx?dWo] (@ k|ltzt ;+Vof afx'g, If]qL / g]jf/x?sf] dfq b]lvG5 . k/Gt', blntx? ! hgf klg dxTjk"0f{ /fHo gLlt to ug]{ /
lg0f{o ug]{ 7fpFdf k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ^ ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs
k"FhLjfbL k|0ffnLsf] Ps bzssf] zf;gkl5 klg hUuf /
3/af/ ljlxg kl/jf/x?dWo] cToflws 7"nf] ;+Vof ætNnf]Æ / æc5't hftÆ sf
kl/jf/x?sf] 5 . ;g\ !((^ df æc5't hftÆ sf] ;fIf/tf b/
!* k|ltzt dfq 5, hals dflyNnf] hftx?sf nflu of] b/ $& k|ltzt 5 . & dflyNnf] hftsf kl/jf/x? dWo]
hlt kl/jf/ ul/a 5g\, Tof] eGbf 8]9 u'0ff Hofbf c5't hftsf kl/jf/x? ul/a 5g\ . * vfnL gLlt÷lg0f{o ug]{ / sfg"g
agfpg] 7fpFx?df dfq xf]Og @)$^ ;fn otf d"n wf/df /x]sf k|d'v ;+;bLo
kf6L{x?sf cf–cfkm\g} blnt ;+u7g eP klg kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj tx / gLlt lgdf{0fdf
pgLx?sf] kx'Fr, ;xefuLtf / k|efj gu0o
/x\of] . ( @)$^ ;fn otf d'n"sdf cEof; ul/Psf] ax'bnLo k|hftGqdf
blnt hfu/0f, pgLx?sf] ;+ul7t ultljlw / oyfl:ylt lj?4 pgLx?sf] ;+3if{ eg] tflTjs
?kn] a9]sf] b]lvG5 . of] dfdnfdf blntx?n] u'0ffTds km8\sf] df/]sf] cg'e"lt
ug{ ;lsG5 . oxL sf/0fn] blnt dflysf] pTkL8g / e]befjsf] cGTo / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf]
Ph]08f clxn] cfP/ ;a} ;+;bLo /fhgLlts
bnx?sf] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] Ph]08f x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf]
x'g'sf] k5fl8 blntx? a9\bf] ;+Vofdf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xk|lt cfslif{t x'g' / To;df
;xefuL x'g yfNg' Pp6f k|d'v sf/0fsf] ?kdf b]lvG5 . ;a} k|d'v ;+;bLo /fhgLlts
bnx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] zf;g sfndf /fhgLltsf] d"n wf/df blntx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{df
a]jf:tf u/]sf x'gfn] blntx? a9\bf] dfqfdf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf] kf6L{ / ;]gfdf
;fd]n x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . o;sf] w'j|Lo k|ltlqmof:j?k
;/sf/n] klg blnt cf/If0fsf] em08f p7fpg yfn]sf] 5 . bf];|f] zflGtjftf{
-@)%(÷^)_ sf bf}/fgdf ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't k|:tfjdf blnt cf/If0fsf] s'/f p7fOPsf]
lyof] .
kG5fO g;Sg'sf]
blnt hfu/0f / blntx?sf] ;+ul7t ;+3if{ oltv]/sf] g]kfnsf] ljz]iftf xf] . o;sf]
/fktfkdf k/]/ casf] nf]stGqdf blntx?nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ s'/f ca
nueu ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?n] Ph]08fsf ?kdf p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . t/ Tof] ;dfj]zLs/0f
d"t{ ?kdf s;/L ;Dej 5 / To;sf] nflu s:tf] k|sf/sf] /fhgLlts k|0ffnL, /fHo
;+oGq / k|ltlglwTj Joj:yf cfjZos k5{ eGg]s'/f cem} /fhgLlts bnx?n] k|i6 ?kdf
cl3 ;fl/;s]sf 5}gg . g t /fhgLlts bnx?n] casf]
nf]stGqdf blnt dflysf] e]befj / pTkL8g s;/L cGTo x'G5 / pgLx? pTkfbgsf ;fwgsf dflns s;/L aGg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fd} :ki6
cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . k|:t't sfo{kqsf] d'Vo p2]Zo
oxL c:ki6tf lrg{df yf]/} ePklg d2t k'¥ofpg' xf] . casf] nf]stflGqs /fHo
;+/rgfdf blntx?nfO{ d"t{ ?kdf s;/L ;fd]n ug{ ;lsG5 / To;sf] nflu s] s:tf]
k|0ffnL / ;+oGqsf] h?/t k5{ eGg] s'/f g} of] sfo{kqsf] d'Vo ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo
xf] .
@)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ g]kfndf blntx?sf] s'n hg;+Vof #)=#) nfv 5
. s'n hg;+Vofdf blnt hg;+Vofsf] k|ltzt !#=! 5 . o;dWo] k5f8L If]qdf / lxdfnL
If]qdf clwsf+z blntx?sf] a;f]af; 5 . %* k|ltzt blntx?
ToxL a;f]af; u5{g\ . t/fO{ If]qdf Ps ltxfO blntx? /x]sf 5g\ . !) k/Gt', blnt
cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfx? / lj4fgx? of] cfFs8fdf z+sf JoQm
ub{5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ blnt hg;+Vofsf] tYof+sdf g]jf/ blntx?sf] cfFs8f g}
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . pgLx?n] bfjL u/]cg';f/ g]kfndf
olta]nf $) nfv blnt hg;+Vof 5 . clg s'n hg;+Vofdf
blntsf] cg'kft @) k|ltzt eGbf Hofbf 5 . !!
tflnsf –@
g]kfndf blntx?sf] l:ylt, @)%* ;fndf
|
b]zsf]
s'n hg;+Vof |
@#!=%! nfv |
|
b]zsf]
blnt hg;+Vof |
#)=#) nfv |
|
s'n hg;+Vofdf blntsf] cg'kft |
!#=! k|ltzt |
If]qx?df blnt
hg;+VofM
|
If]q |
blnt hg;+Vof |
k|ltzt |
|
kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]q |
!&=^! nfv |
%*=! |
|
t/fO{ If]q |
!)=(^ nfv |
#^=@ |
|
klxrfg gePsf blnt |
!=&# nfv |
%=& |
ln+u / blnt hg;+Vof
|
k'?if blnt |
!%=) nfv |
|
dlxnf blnt |
!%=#)nfv |
|
s"n |
#)=#)nfv |
;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefu /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)%*
blntx?nfO{ casf] nf]stflGqs
/fHo–;+/rgfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfndf blntx?sf] of] pkl:ylt / l:yltnfO{
;a}n] Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L x'G5 . blntx? g]kfndf ;fgf]
;+Vofdf 5}gg\ ;/sf/s} cfFs8f d'tfljs klg x/]s * df Ps g]kfnL blnt 5 . blnt ;+u7gx? / cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf
d'tfljs t cem k|To]s % df ! gful/s blnt 5 . of] pk]Iff
/ gh/ cGbfh ug{ ldNg] ;+Vof xf]Og . blntx?nfO{ ;dfj]z gu/Lsg s'g} klg nf]stflGqs
k|0ffnL ;jf{lu+0f / ;fy{s x'g} ;Sb}g .
@=) nf]stflGqs
/fHo k'gM;+/rgfsf] ;+Gbe{
g]kfndf /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf oltj]nfsf] ;j}eGbf k|d'v /fhgLlts Ph]G8f
x'gk'u]sf] 5 . of] oltv]/ /fli6«o ;xdtLsf] ljifo
eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf s'g} klg /fhgLlts kIf 5}g /fHosf]
k'gM;+/rgfsf] cfjZostfdf c;xdt xf]; . lsg eg] b]z rn]sf] l:ylt g} 5}g . bfofF lbzfdf xf];\ of jfFof lbzfdf cfd'n kl/jt{g oltv]/
b]zsf] d'n k|j[lt ePsf] 5 .
o:tf] x'g'sf :ki6 sf/0fx? 5g . Pp6f k|d'v
sf/0f dfcf]jfbL ;zQm ljb|f]x xf] ,h'g ljut b; jif{b]lv rln/x]5 / k~5fpg} g;lsg] /fhgLlts kl/36gf eP/ /fi6«;fd' v8f 5 .
dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xx?sf] lgoGq0f, ks8 / k|efj olt tLa|
ultdf lj:tfl/t ePsf] 5 ls s]jn l;+xb/jf/, zx/ ahf/ / ;b/d'sfdx? dfq s]lGb|o /fHo;Qfsf]
lgoGq0fdf b]lvG5 . j]jf:tf ug{ gldNg] ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] of] l:yltnfO{ cj
/fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf afx]s csf]{ s'g} af6f]af6 ;+jf]wg ug{ ;lsg] kl/l:ylt 5}g . lsgls ljb|f]xL kIfsf] k|d'v dfu g}
/fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'gM;+/rgfsf lglDt ;+ljwfg ;ef /x]sf] 5 . oxL k|d'v dfudf
s'/f] gldn]/ ljutsf b'O{ zflGtjftf{x? ljkmn ePsf 5g\ . csf]{ k|d'v sf/0f /fhfn]
ax'bnLo ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& nfO{ ;}Go ansf cfwf/df
ut df3df ;+k"0f{ tj/n] ;dfKt kfg'{ xf] . k'/fgf] ;+ljwfg d[t ePsf] 5 / b]z oltj]nf x's'd / cWofb]zsf] cfwf/df
k|ToIf lg/+s'z zf;g rln/x]5 .
cj oyfl:yltaf6 /fhfn] u/]sf] of] k|lts|flGtnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ ;++ej 5}g . /fHosf] nf]stflGqs
k'gM;+/rgf o; lx;fjn] klg ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;+lawfg / To;n] :yflkt
u/]sf] /fhgLlts k|0ffnL w/f;zfoL ePkl5 gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{ / Tof]
hgtfn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6
lgdf{0f ug'{ ;a}eGbf nf]stflGqs ljlw xf] .
t];|f], k|d'v sf/0frflx+ s] xf] eg]
@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgdf hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg 3f]lift ul/P klg ;fj{ef}d
hgtfsf] lglDt of] k"0f{tof kl/jt{gLo agfOPsf] lyPg / of] ;+ljwfg hft, hghflt,
efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, dw]zL / dlxnfx?sf]
lglDt ;dfj]zL lyPg . hgtfnfO{ k|e';Qf ;DkGg eGg], t/ ltg} k|e';Qf ;DkGg hgtfn]
;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf plNnlvt, vf; vf; cfwf/e"t s'/f abNg gkfpg] eGg]h:tf
cToGt cGt/lj/f]wL Joj:yf Tof] ;+ljwfgdf ljBdfg lyof] . oxL 'xgfn]
zfGtLk"0f{ 9+uaf6 ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf hgdt ;+u|xsf] af6f] eP/ /fHo
k|0ffnLsf ;a} s'/f kl/jt{g / kl/dfh{g ug]{ ;Defjgfsf] 9f]sf of] ;+ljwfg
cfkm}+n] aGb u/]sf] lyof] . ;a} / cfwf/e"t ;jfndf zfGtLk"0f{ qmlds
ljsf;sf] u'~hfO; of] ;+ljwfgdf lyPg / ;dfj]zL rl/qsf] gx'gfn] / of] ;a}
g]kfnLn] r'g]sf k|ltlglwn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;+ljwfg gx'gfn] o; ;+ljwfgdf b]zsf
;a} hft, hghflt, efiff, wd{;+:s[lt / dw];L / dlxnfx?sf] :jfldTjs/0f x'g ;s]sf]
lyPg . blnt, hghflt, dlxnf, dw]zL cNk;+Vos efifL, wd{ / ;+:s[ltx?sf nflu of]
b]z d]/f] xf], t/ /fHo d]]/f] xf]Og eGg] l:ylt of] ;+ljwfg cfkm}+n] l;h{gf
u/]sf] lyof]. log} k|d'v bf]ifx?sf sf/0fn] gofF ;+lawfg lgdf{0f ug'{ / To;n]
gofF /fHosf] k'gM ;+/rgf ug'{ cTofjZos
x'g uPsf] 5 . log} k|d'v sf/0fx?n] ubf{ dfcf]jfbL ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ ;+af]wg u/]/
b]zdf bLuf] zflGt sfod ug{sf nflu, /fhfsf] PstGqd'vL k|ltqmflGtnfO{ ;+af]wg
u/]/ x's'd / cWofb]zsf] zf;gsf] 7fpFdf ljlwsf] zf;g / ;d'Ggt nf]stGq sfod ug{sf
nflu tyf blnt, hghflt, dlxnf, dw]zL / ;a} cNk;+Vos efiff, wd{, If]q / ;+:s[ltsf]
:jfldTj ePsf] / pgLx? c6\g] zf;g Joj:yf lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu gofF /fHosf]
k'gM;+/rgf / o;sf] lglDt lgjf{lrt ;ljwfg;ef ckl/xfo{ x'g uPsf] xf] . b]zdf
olta]nf nf]stflGqs /fHo k'gM ;+/rgfsf] ;Gbe{ oxL sf/0fn] hfoh / h?/L x'g uPsf]
xf] .
b]zdf olta]nf bLuf] zflGt / ;d'Ggt
;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5. k/Gt', bLuf] zflGt / ;d'Ggt ;dfj]zL
nf]stGqsf] :yfkgfsf lglDt d'Vo tuf/f] eP/ /fh;+:yf v8f ePsf] l:ylt 5 . ljut %%
jif{df g]kfnL hgtfn] tLg tLg k6s /fh;+:yfl;t nf]stGq / /fh;+:yfsf] ;xcl:tTjsf]
lglDt / nf]stGqsf] dftxtdf /fh;+:yf ;+j}wflgs eP/ /xgsf lglDt ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
Oltxf; 5 . hgtfn] Tof] ;Demf}tfsf] xd]zf kfngf / ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\ t/ x/]s k6s,
ljleGg lgx'F agfP/, /fhfaf6} PstkmL{?kdf Tof] ;Demf}tf e+u ePsf] 5 . cfkm"
hgcfGbf]ngsf] rfkn] cK7]/f]df kbf{ hgtfl;t d ;+j}wflgs x'G5' eg]/ ;Demf}tf
ug]{, t/ hgcfGbf]ngsf] /fkrfk s'g} klg sf/0fn] sd x'g] lalQs}, hgtf cK7]/f]df
kg]{ ljlQs} Tof] ;Demf}tf e+u u/L xfNg] /fh;+:yfsf] :yfoL rl/q g]kfndf
b]vfk/]sf] 5 . nf]stGq / nf]stflGqs ;+:yfx?sf] dftxtdf hgtfn] agfPsf] sfg'g
dfg]/ ljlwsf] zf;gcGtu{t a:g] tTk/tf g]kfnsf] /fh;+:yfaf6 slxNo} b]lvPg. xd]zf
nf]stGq / nf]stflGqs ;+:yfx?nfO{ /fh;+:yf dftxt /fVg vf]Hg] / cfkm"
hglgld{t ljlw jf sfg'geGbf dfly /xg vf]Hg] /fh;+:yfsf] d"n k|j[lQ b]lvof]
. of] l:yltdf x/]s g]kfnL k':tfn] ljlwsf] zf;g / nf]stGqsf nflu /fh;+:yfl;t
n8]/ ;do jjf{b ul//fVg ;Sb}g . km]l/, /fhf :jod\ nf]stflGqs ;+:yf / ljlwsf]
zf;gsf] dftxtdf ;+j}wflgs eP/ a:g tof/ gePkl5 g]kfndf ;+j}wflgs /fh;+:yfsf]
cf}lrTo / ;Gbe{ g} ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ca nf]stflGqs u0ftGq
g]kfnsf] cfjZostf aGg uPsf] 5 .
gofF nf]stflGqs /fHo ;+/rgf u0ftGqtkm{
pGd'v x'g' s] sf/0fn] klg cTofjZos x'g uPsf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf] /fh;+:yf xd]zf Ps
hft, Ps hflt, Ps efiff Ps e]if / ;+:s[lt / wd{sf] kIfdf dfq v8f eO/x] . cGoq /fhf /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|lts ePsf] y'k|} pbfx/0fx? 5g\ t/
g]kfnsf] /fh;+:yf eg] slxNo} klg /fli6«o Pstfsf] kIfdf
/fli6«o Pstfsf] k|lts eP/ v8f ePg . ax'wfld{s b]z g]kfndf /fh;+:yf xd]zf >L
kz'kltgfyn] hgtfsf] sNof0f u?g\ eg]/ Pp6f wd{sf] dfq kIfkf]if0f ug]{ kIfdf v8f
eO/x¥of] . ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs b]z g]kfndf /fh;+:yf
xd]zf Pp6f v; hflt / v; /fi6«efiffsf kIfdf dfq /lx/xof] . ljut @#& jif{sf]
Oltxf;df ax'bnLo ;+;bLo zf;gsfn eg]sf] s]jn !% jif{ dfq xf], afFsL hDd} cjlw
/fhfs} zf;gsf] cjlw xf], t/ Tof] cjlwdf /fHok|0ffnL, k|zf;g oGq, ;]gf, k|x/L /
Gofofnosf] (% k|ltzt eGbf Hofbf lx:;fdf s]jn afx'g, If]qL g]jf/ olt tLg hftsf]
dfq Psnf}6L xfnLd'xfnL sfod ul/of] . /fhfsf /fHok|0ffnL slxNo}
;dfj]zL /x]g . /fh;+:yf blnt, hghflt, dw]zL / dlxnfx?nfO{ bof ug]{ kIfdf
cjZo /x\of], t/ pgLx?nfO{ ;dfg xs / x}l;ot ePsf] gful/s agfP/ k|0ffnLut tj/n]
/fHodf pgLx?sf] cg'kflts :jfldTj l;h{gf ug]{ kIfdf slxNo} /xg] . /fh;+:yf xd]zf
;dfj]zLtf / u}/v; :jfldTjsf] lj/f]wdf v8f eO/xof] . /fh;+:yfsf] k|ToIf zf;g
cfpg]lalQs} lzIff / k|zf;gdf /x]sf] blntx?sf] cf/If0f vQd kfl/g' ;a}eGbf tfhf
68\sf/f] pbfx/0f xf] .
oxL x'gfn] casf] nf]stflGqs /fHo
k'gM;+/rgf k"0f{ ;dfj]zL nf]stGq v8f ug{sf nflu x'g' cTofjZos ePsf] 5 .
;lqmo /fhtGq /x];Dd blnt hghflt, dlxnf / dw]zL dfly eO/x]sf] e]befj / pTkL8g
k"0f{tof cGTo x'g' c;Dej b]lvG5 .
#=) nf]stflGqs
/fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf / To;df blnt ;dfj]lztfsf pkfox?
g]kfndf olta]nf /fh;+:yf afx]s c? ;a} /fhgLlts
zlQmx?sf] tLgj6f d'Vo s'/fdf /fli6«o ;xdlt alg;s]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . Pp6f bLuf]
zflGt / ;d'Gglt ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] nflu ;dfj]zL 9+un] /fHo ;+/rgf g} abNg'kg]{
;jfndf, bf];|f] /fHo ;+/rgf abNgsf lglDt gofF ;+ljwfg g} lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{
;jfndf, / t];|f] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu hglgjf{lrt, ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljlw
ckgfpg'kg]{ ;jfndf . xfn} ePsf] bn dfcf]jfbL !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/Lkqn] of] ;xdltsf]
lbzfdf sf];] 9'+ufsf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . ca s'g} zlQmn] 5]s]/
d'n's of] lbzfdf hfgaf6 /f]lsg' ;Dej b]lv+b}g . /fh;+:yfn] ;xdlt hgfof] eg]
cToGt zflGtk"0f{ 9+un], ;dembf/Lk"0f{ tl/sfaf6 d'n's /fHosf]
nf]stflGqs k'gM;+/rgflt/ cl3 a9\g] 5. of] k|lqmofdf /fh;+:yf afwf eP/ v8f eof]
eg] / o;dfly p;af6 lx+;fTds bdg eof] eg] b]z Tof] afwfnfO{ ldNsfP/ eP klg
hgcfGbf]ngsf] af6f]af6 /fHosf] nf]stflgqs k'g;{+/rgflt/} cl3 a9\g] nIo
b]lvO;lsPsf] 5 . l9nf] jf rfF8f]sf] s'/f dfq} xf], g]kfn Tof] /fhgLlts
;+qmd0fsf] af6f]df k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn oltv]/
bf];|f] af6f]lt/ cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . /fHosf] nf]stflGqs
k'g;+/rgfsf] ca ljsNk g} afFsL 5}g .
of] ;Gbe{df d]/f] sfo{kqsf] d'Vo ljifo
xf] casf] nf]stflGqs /fHo;+/rgfdf blntx?sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf ljlw / pkfox? s] x'g
;S5g < ;dfj]zLs/0f l;4fGt /p2]Zo s] x'g'k5{ < ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu
bL3{sfnLg / cNksfnLg sbdx? / of]hgfx? s] x'g ;S5g\ < /, ;dfj]zLs/0fsf bf}/fgdf Wofg lbg'kg]{
s'/fx? s] x'g <
d ca oL d"n ljifodf l;w} k|j]z ug{ rfxG5' .
#=! blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf
l;4fGt / p2]Zox?
d}n] dfly g} rrf{ ul/;s]sf] 5', blnt
;d:of, e]befj / pTkL8gsf] h/f] sf/0f eg]sf] >d / >ldsx?nfO{ t'R5, x]o tyf
pk]Iffk"0f{ 9+un] x]g]{ / Jojxf/ ug]{, >dsf] Gofof]lrt d"No glbg]
/ log} sf/0fn] gLltlg0f{o ug]{ ;f/f 7fpFx?af6 pgLx?nfO{ aflx/\ofpg], bf;o'lug
jf ;fdGtL b[li6sf]0f / Jojxf/ xf] . nf]stflGqs /fHosf] k'gM ;+{/rgfdf blnt
;dfj]zLs/0fsf] s'/f ubf{ xfd|f] k|:yfgljGb' casf] nf]stflGqs /fHon] >d /
>ldsx?k|ltsf] ToxL bf;o'lug jf ;fdGtL b[li6sf]0f / Jojxf/ cGto ug]{ s'/f
x'g'kb{5 .
casf] gofF ;+ljwfg / nf]stflGqs /fHo
;+{/rgfn] oL cfwf/e"t ;jfnx?sf] k|:6 hjfkm lbg] sfd ug'{kb{5 M k];fut
hftut >ldssf] ?kdf ;lbof}+b]lv ;dfhsf] ;]jf ul//x]sf / pTkfbgdf cToflws
of]ubfg ul//x]sf c5't jf blntx? ;dfg xs, x}l;ot / Ifdtf ePsf gful/s x'g\
ls xf]Ogg\ < pgLx?n] xfn;Dd d'km\tdf jf gfd dfqsf] kfl/>ldsdf ul//x]sf]
;fdflhs >dsf] Gofof]lrt jf dfgjf]lrt d"No lbg'k5{ ls kb}{g, h'g pTkfbgsf ;fwgdf jf hldgdf blntx?n]
;lbof}+b]lv ax'd"No >d u/]/ ;fdflhs pTkfbg ;Dej t'NofPsf 5g\ tL ;fwgdf
pTkfbgdf jf hldgdf tL blnt >ldssf] Gofof]lrt lx:;f / :jfldTj x'g'k5{ ls
kb}{g < ;Ddfgof]Uo pkof]uL / >d / ;fdflhs pTkfbgdfkm{t ;dfh ljsf;df
nuftf/ cToflws of]ubfg ul//x]sf oL >lds blntx?sf] clgjfo{ pkl:ylt, ;xeflutf
/ :jfldTj /fHosf x/]s c+u / gLlt lg0f{o ug]{ x/]s 7fpFsf x'g'k5{ ls kb}{g /
Tof] pgLx?sf] hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf x'gk5{ ls kb}{g < oL cfwf/e"t
;jfnx?sf] k|i6 hjfkmaf6} casf] gofF nf]stflGqs /fHo ;+/rgfdf blnt
;dfj]bzLs/0fsf] l;4fGt l;h{gf x'G5 / p2]Zo :ki6 x'G5 .
pk/f]Qm
;jfnx? gofF nf]stflGqs /fHo–;+/rgfdf blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;d:of xn ug{sf] nflu
cfwf/e"t dxTjsf ;}4flGts ;jfnx? x'g\ . oL
;jfnx?sf] k|i6 hjfkm lagf ;xL cy{df blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ;+ej
b]lvFb}g .
of] ;jfnx?sf] ;Daf]wg ug]{ xf] eg]
gofF nf]stflGqs /fHo–;+/rgfn] / ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gn] s]xL l;4fGtx? th'{df
ug'{ / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df sfof{Gjg ug]{ pkfox? ;'Nemofpg' cfjZos x'G5 .
d]/f] 7DofOdf dflysf cfwf/e"t
;jfnx?sf] k|i6 hjfkm vf]Hg] xf] eg] ca aGg] gofF ;+ljwfg / nf]stflGqs /fHo
;+/rgfn] :ki6tM eGg ;Demg'kb{5 ls– blntx? eg]sf ;dfg xs, x}l;ot / Ifdtf of]Uotf
ePsf gful/sx? x'g\ . pgLx?
dflysf] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befj / pTkL8gnfO{ sfg"gtM ;Vtfk"j{s
b08gLo agfOg] 5 . of] s'/fnfO{ casf] /fHo ;+/rgfsf] Pp6f cfwf/e"t l;4fGt
agfOg'kb{5 . ca aGg] /fHo ;+/rgfn] eGg;Sg' kb{5 ls /fHosf x/]s c+udf / gLlt
lg0f{o ug{ ;a} 7fpFdf blntx?sf] cfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutf x'g'kb{5 /
To;nfO{ sfg"gtM ;'lglZrt agfOg] 5 . gofF nf]stflGqs /fHo ;+/rgfn] /fHodf
blnt ;xeflutfsf] s'/f dfq u/]/ kof{Kt x'Fb}g . blntx?sf] >dnfO{ sfg"gtM
k|ltalGwt ug'{kb{5 . s'g}klg k|sf/sf] >dsf] dfgjf]lrt hLljsf of]Uo Hofnf
lbg' sfg"gtM clgjfo{ agfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . To:tf] gug{nfO{ sfg"gtM b08
lbg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . ;fy} hldgdf pTkfbgsf] s'g} klg ;fwgdf k'vf}{b]lv
hf]lt/x]sf jf pTkfbgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofO/x]sfx?sf] :jfldTjsf] Uof/]G6L ;+ljwfgtM
ul/g'kb{5 .
Psy/L dflg;x?
clxn] blntnfO{ /fHo;+/rgfdf ;fd]n ug]{ s'/f;Dd dfq ;xdt b]lvG5g\ pgLx?
blntx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] >dsf] dfgjf]lrt Hofnf / hf]t]sf] hldgdf Gofof]lrt
:jfldTj lbg cfjZos g} 7fGb}gg\ . of] ;f]r q'l6k"0f{ 5 . lsgeg], blntx?sf]
;fdflhs xs ;dfg x}l;ot gx'g'sf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f g} pgLx?n] k':tf}+ k':tf;Dd
lagf kfl/>flds jf Hofb} sd kfl/>fldsdf sfd ug{ kgf{n] ubf{ pgLx? cToflws
u/La / ;Dklt ljxLg x'g' xf] . pgLx?l;t hldg jf pTkfbgsf ;fwg gx'g' xf] jf Hofb}
sd x'g' xf] . To;}n], /fhgLltdf blnt ;xeflutf jf ;dfj]lzLtf x'g'kb{5 eGb}df
Tof] :jtM eOxfNg]jfnf 5}g . To:tf] ;xeflutf / ;dfj]zLtfsf nflu cfly{s / ef}lts
cfwf/ klg ;fy;fy} x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . blntn] cfkm\gf] >dsf] dfgjf]lrt Hofnf /
cfkm"n] k':tf}b]lv hf]lt/x]sf] hldgsf] lglZrt lx+:;fdfly :jfldTj k|fKt
gul/sg blntnfO{ ul/aL / ;|f]t ;fwg lalxgtf af6 d'Qm kfg{ ;lsb}g . Tof] l:yltdf /fhgLltdf blnt ;dfj]zLtf Pp6f ukm l;jfo s]xL x'Fb}g .
t;y{ nf]stflGqs /fHodf blnt ;dfj]zLtfsf] k|Zgl;t >dsf] dfgjf]lrt Hofnf /
hf]t]sf] hldg dflysf] :jfldTjsf] k|Zg gª
df;' h:t} u/L hf]l8Psf] 5 . clxn] klg ^) k|ltzt blntl;t
gful/stf g} 5}g . !@ pTkfbgsf ;fwg jf ;Dklt
geO{ gful/stf x'Fb}g, gful/s g} ePgg\ eg] pm dtbftf / pDd]åf/ s;/L x'G5 <
casf] nf]stflGqs /fHo;+/rgfdf blnt
;dfj]zLtfsf] p2]Zo, To;sf/0fn], blntx?nfO{ clxn];Dd eO/x]sf] e]befjk"0f{ /
ckx]ngfk"0f{ bf;o'uLg jf ;fdfGtL Jojxf/ aGb u/]/ ;dfg xs, x}l;ot / Ifdtf
ePsf] gful/s t'Nofpg' x'g'kb{5 . pgLx? s"n hg;+Vofdf h'g cg'kftdf 5g\ ToxL
cg'kftdf /fHosf ;a} c+u / gLlt lg0f{o ug]{ ;a} 7fpFdf pgLx?sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt
kfg'{ o:tf] ;dfj]zLtfsf] l;4fGt / p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . ;fy;fy} blntx?nfO{ ul/aL /
pTkfbgsf] ;fwg lalxgtfaf6 d'Qm ug'{ / To;sf lglDt Psflt/ pgLx?sf] pkof]uL
>dsf] Gofof]lrt Hofnf / pgLx?n] hf]tef]u ul//x]sf] hldgsf] lglZrt lx:;f dfly
pgLx?sf] :jfldTj sfg"gtM ;'lglZrt ug'{ klg o;sf] p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . o;sf]
lglDt ;+ljwfgn] g} hldg hf]tsf] l;4fGt th'{df ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 .
;fy}, casf] nf]stflGqs /fHo–;+/rgfn] /
;+ljwfgn] ;':ki6 efiffdf >dnfO{ cfb/0fLo s'/f 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . Pp6f, l;4fGt
to ug'{kg]{ x'G5, la/fdL, ;'Ts]/L, afnaflnsf / a[4f afx]s h;n] sfd ub}{g p;n]
vfb}g klg .
#=@ blnt ;dfjzLs/0fsf
ljlw / pkfox?
clxn];Dd s]xL blnt dGqL klg ePsf 5g\
s]xL ;f+;b klg, t/ Tof] lglZrt k|0ffnL / l;4fGtsf cfwf/df x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . Tof]
s]jn s[kf jf ;gssf cfwf/df dfq eO/x]5 . ca pk|fGt s[kf jf ;gssf cfwf/df blnt ;dfj]zLtf aGb x'g'kb{5 . To;sf] nflu Pp6f lglZrt k|0ffnL / l;4fGtdf ;xdlt x'g' cfjZos 5
. To:tf] ePkl5 bofsf] blnt /fhgLlt aGb eP/ blntx?sf] klg /fHooGqdf ;dfg xs,
x}l;ot / :jfldTj l;h{gf x'g hfG5 .
ca aGg] nf]stflGqs /fHo ;+/rgf
blntx?sf] ;dfj]zLtf ;'lglZrt ug]{ xf] eg] blntx?nfO{ dlGb/ k|j]z u/fpg' dfq
kof{Kt x'Fb}g, pgLx?nfO{ l;+xb/af/ / ;Qfsf ;a} c+udf k|j]z u/fpg] k|0ffnL k}bf
ug'{kb{5 . Tof] k|0ffnL ;dfg'kftLs lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;Qfsf ;a} tx / c+udf tyf
lzIff / /f]huf/Ldf ;d]t cg'kftLs sf]6f k|0ffnL ckgfP/ sfod x'g ;S5 .
;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg – k|0ffnL
;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf kf6L{n]
r'gfjdf k|fKt u/]sf] lglZrt dt k|ltztsf cfwf/df ;+;bdf cfkm\gf] ;L6 ;+Vof k|fKt
u5{ / To;df cfkm" k"j{ 3f]lift pDd]bjf/ r'Gb5 . of]
k|0ffnL kl5Nnf] hg h0fgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ blntx?n] hg;+Vofsf] s'n cg'kftdf
cfkm\gf] ;f+;b k'¥ofpg] cj;/ k|fKt x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;/sf/L
cfFs8f d'tfljs clxn] !# k|ltzt blnt hg;+Vof 5 . Tof] eg]sf]
x/]s * df ! gful/s blnt eGg] xf] . ca o;nfO{ cfwf/
agfP/ ;dfg'kflts r'gfa k|0ffnLdf kf6L{ ;"rL t}of/ x'Fbf ! b]lv & g+
;Ddsf pDd]bjf/x? u}/–blnt x'G5g\ eg] * g+ pDd]bjf/
blnt x'G5 . To:t} u/]/ !^ g+=, @$ g+= / #@ g++ / Pj+
/Ltn] c? klg kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] pDd]bjf/ $) hgf p7fPsf] 5 eg] To;df % hgf blnt
pDd]bjf/ kg{ hfG5 . of] Pp6f o:tf] ljlw xf] h;af6 x/]s kf6L{n] x/]s txsf]
k|ltlglw ;efdf k7fpg / p7fpg] pDd]bjf/ d} hg;+Vofsf] ;dfg cg'kftdf blntx? kg]{ ;+efjgf x'G5 . / pgLx? ToxfF
k'Ug] ;'lglZrt klg x'G5 .
cfg'kflts sf]6f k|0ffnL
;sf/sf ;a} c+udf /fHo / k|zf;g oGqsf
;a} c+udf / ljz]if lzIff / /f]huf/Ldf blntx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu rflxF
cfg'kflts sf]6f k|0ffnL nfu' ug'{ pko'Qm x'g;S5 . h:tf], !^ hgfsf] ;/sf/ u7g
ug]{ s'/f 5 eg] sf]6f k|0ffnL cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf ToxfF @ hgf blnt k'Ug]
sf]6f k"j{ lgwf{l/t x'G5 . ;/sf/ agfpg cj;/ k|fKt ;DaGwLt kf6L{n] ToxL
sf]6f d'tfljs cfkm\gf] blnt dGqL 5fGb5 . To:t} u/]/ sd{rf/L k|zf;gdf, ;]gf,
k|x/Ldf, Gofofnodf klg blntx?sf] lglDt sf]6f lgwf{l/t x'G5 / To;df blnt
pDd]bjf/n] dfq k|ltikwf{ ug{ / hfg kfpF5 . l:jh/n}08n] ;/sf/df / /fHo oGqsf ;a}
7fpFdf k|x/L, ;]gf / Gofofno ;a} k|d'v kf6L{ wd{ / efiffefifLnfO{ cfg'kflts
?kdf k'¥ofpg hfb'ul/ kmd'{nf / sf]6f k|0ffnLsf] ;kmn k|of]u ul//x]5 . xfdL oxfF
;a} hghflt / hftnfO{ k'¥ofpg xfd|f] cfjZostf d'tfljssf] sf]6f k|0ffnL k|of]u
ug{ ;S5f}+ .
;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u
ca x'g] ;+lawfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6} yfNg' blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] pko'Qm z'ef/De
x'g;S5 / x'g'k5{ . To:t} cfg'kflts sf]6f k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u– ca ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
lglDt u7g x'g] ;j{bnLo cGt/Ld ;/sf/af6} x'g;S5 x'g'k5{ .
vfln /fhgLltdf dfq xf]Og 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, h:tf] ljz]if k|sf/sf] lzIff /
/f]huf/Ldf klg blntx?sf] kxF'r a9fpg cg'kflts sf]6f k|0ffnL pko'Qm ljlw / pkfo
xf] . of] k|0ffnL kf/bzL{ / cfjlws
hgu0fgfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . u}/–blntx?n] klg of] k|0ffnLaf6 ljgf kIfkft plQs} nfe
xfl;n ug{ ;S5g\ . cf/If0fdf ;sf/fTds lje]b x'G5 t/ sf]6f k|0ffnLdf Gofo x'G5,
lje]b x'Fb}g . cf/If0f s]xL jif{sf nflu dfq x'G5, sf]6f k|0ffnL ;w}+el/ k|of]u
ug{ ;lsg] s'/f xf] .
;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / cfg'kflts sf]6f k|0ffnLn] blntx? dfly clxn];Dd
eO cfPsf] s[kf / bofsf] /fhgLltsf] cGTo u5{ / kf/bzL{ cfwf/df ;a}nfO{ Gofo x'g]
9+un] /fHo / gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ ;a} 7fpFdf blntx?sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|0ffnL
l;h{gf u5{ . of] k|0ffnL hghflt, dw];L, cNk;+Vos, efiffefifL, wd{ / dlxnfx?sf]
nflu klg plQs} kmnbfoL x'g;S5, hlt blntx?sf] lglDt x'G5 .
k|f/Desf] Psbzsdf
;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / cg'kftLs sf]6f k|0ffnL nfu" ug{ lgs}
s7Lg / ;d:ofd"ns x'g hfg;S5 . blntx?sf] Go"g ;fIf/tf b/, ;f+:s[lts
:t/ / olt~h]nsf] k5f}6]kgsf sf/0fn] o:tf] x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 t/ sfnfGt/df of]
;/n / ;xh eP/ hfg]5 .
ca aGg] nf]stflGqs
Pp6f k|0ffnL Hofbf ;dfj]zL x'gsf nflu zf;g k|0ffnL ;xdtLo x'g' / /fHo k|0ffnL
;+3Lo x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
;xdlto zf;g k|0ffnL / ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnL
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs / ax'–;f+:s[lts
d'n'sdf ;xdlto zf;g k|0ffnL / ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnL ax'dtLo zf;g k|0ffnL / PsfTds
/fHo k|0ffnLsf t'ngfdf Hofbf pko'Qm x'G5 . g]kfndf pN6f] e}/x]5 . g]kfn
ax'hflto, ax'eflifs / ax';f+:s[lts d'n's xf] t/ oxfF zf;g k|0ffnL j]:6ldlgi6/
9fFrfsf] ax'dlto / /fHo k|0ffnL cf}wL PsfTds / s]lGb|s[t 5 . of] af]sfsf]
z/L/df /fFufsf] 6fpsf] hf]8] h:t} eO/x]5 .
xfd|f] zf;g k|0ffnL ;xdtLo eof] eg]
k|To]s txsf] ;/sf/ ;bfaxf/ df]ntf]n / ;xdtLsf] cfwf/df dLlnh'nL rl/qsf] x'g
hfG5 . ;a} jf w]/} k|d'v bnx? cfkm"n] kfPsf] l;6
/ dt k|ltzftsf cfwf/df ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'G5g . ;xdtLo ;/sf/, sfo{qmd, gLlt
/ of]hgfsf lgDtL xd]zf df]ntf]nsf] cfwf/df l6Sg] / rNg] x'bf blntnfO{ klg Tof]
df]ntf]n ug]{ caz/ ;w}el/ k|fKt eO{/xG5 . of] l:ytLdf blntx?n] cfˆgf] lxt
cg's'nsf s'/fx?, gLlt, sfo{qmd / of]hgfx? k|Tos txsf] ;/sf/af6 cg'df]bg u/fpg
Hofbf ;dy{ x'g ;S5g . df]ntf]naf6 gLlt lg0f{o ug]{ k|Tos 7f+pdf cfˆgf
k|ltlgwLx? klg Hofbf k7fpg pgLx? ;dy{ x'g ;S5g . t;y{, casf] nf]s tfGqLs /fHo
;+/rgf blnt ;dfa]lztf a[l4 ug{ ;xdtLo zf;g k|0fnL a9L pko'Qm x'g ;S5 .
7Ls To:t},
;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLdf /fHo, vf; u/L :yfgLo /fHo hgtfsf] Hofbf glhs pknAw x'G5 .
;+3Lo /fHodf k|b]z / lhNnfx?df 5'§} /fHosf ?kn] /xg], ToxfF 5'§} cfˆgf] ;+;b
klg x'g] / cfaZos k/]df lawfg klg x'g] clg Tof] ;Fu} gLlt lg0f{o ug]{ :jfoQtf
klg cToGt Hofbf x'g] / ;|f]t ;fwg / s/ pkof]u ug]{ xs klg Hofbf x'g] x'Fbf
/fHodf blnt ;dfa]zLtf a[l4sf nflu ;+3Lo /fHo PsfTds / s]lGb|s[t /fHosf] t'ngfdf
stf xf] stf a9L pko'Qm x'G5 . cfufdL nf]stflGqs /fHo ;+3Lo eof] eg] blntx?n]
:yfgLo /fHodf Hofbf tfstsf ;fy ;xeflu x'g ;Sg]5g, cfˆgf] lgsf;sf nflu a9L
;xhtfk"j{s Hofbf ;|f]t ;fwg xfl;n ug{ ;Sg]5g / blntx?sf] cfˆgf] cl:tTj /
;f+:s[lts klxrfg Hofbf ;'/lIft kfg{ ;Sg]5g .
g]kfndf blntx? b]zel/ 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g . b]z el/sf] hg;+Vof lx;fa ubf{ blnt hg;+Vof 7"n} 5 /
pgLx? tL;f}+ nfv eGbf Hofbf ;+Vofdf 5g . t/ s'g} Pp6f
lhNnfdf klg blntx?sf] ax'dt 5}g of]
l:ytLdf blntsf] sdhf]/ df]ntf]n Ifdtf / ;dfa]zLtf clea[l4sfnflu b]zel/sf
blntx?n] r'g]sf] Pp6f u}/ ef}uf]lns /fli6«o ;+3 aGg' cTofjZos x'G5 hxfF
b]zel/sf blnt k|ltlglwx? hDdf eP/ cfˆgf] lxt cg's'nsf] gLlt, lgod, sfo{qmd /
lawfg th'{df u?g, ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] nflu / ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] nflu cfˆgf k|ltlglw ;d]t
rog u?g . blntx?sf] 5'§} k|b]z jf lhNnf jf /fHo aGg c;+ea ePsf] l:ytLdf of] g}
blntx?sf] 5'§} /fHosf] lgdf{0f x'g]5 .
;+l3o /fHo k|0ffnL eof] eg] To:tf] u}/ ef}uf]lns /fHosf
?kdf /fli6«o ;+3 aGgsf lgDtL hldg ;d]t pknAw x'G5 .
!= /fli6«o blnt cfof]un]
@))$ df u/]sf] ;j]{If0f
@= pxL ;|f]taf6
#= hg pTyfg k|lti7fg sf7df8f}+åf/f ;g\ @))! df k|sflzt æg]kfndf
blnt tyf j}slNks k|ltj]bgÆ
$= g]kfn blIf0f Pl;of s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt æg]kfnsf] dfgj ljsf;,
!((*
%= pxL ;|f]taf6
^= pxL ;|f]taf6
&=s]lGb|o
tYof+s ljefu, !((^,
*=pxL NESAC g]kfndf dfgj ljsf;, !((*
(= s[i0f vgfn
æ/fHosf] k'gM ;+/rgfM Ps k|:tfjÆ
!)= s]lGb|o
tYof+s ljefu, /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)%*
!!= ofd axfb'/ ls;fg,
hgpTyfg k|lti7fgåf/f k|sflzt …g]kfndf blnt hflt d'lQm cfGbf]ng, k[i7 &@
!@= pxL /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] ;j]{If0f @))$